What type of differential applies the same torque to each wheel as long as all wheels have grip?

The open differential is designed to allow for the same amount of torque to be distributed between the two wheels on an axle as long as both wheels maintain grip. This means that when the vehicle is moving in a straight line, the open differential allows the wheels to rotate at different speeds, which is essential during cornering. This design helps in maintaining traction and stability when driving on roads.

However, the effectiveness of an open differential is dependent on the traction available to each wheel. If one wheel loses grip (e.g., when driving on ice or mud), it may receive all the torque while the other wheel, which still has traction, receives none. This limitation can affect a vehicle's performance in off-road or slippery conditions, which is why other types of differentials, such as limited slip or locking differentials, exist to provide better traction management under varied conditions.

In contrast, limited slip differentials allow for some difference in wheel speed while still providing maximum torque to the wheel with more grip, and locking differentials can be engaged to force both wheels to turn together, ensuring that torque is applied equally to both wheels regardless of traction. Negative wheel differentials, while not a common terminology, suggest an impractical or non-functional concept in standard automotive applications