What is the purpose of a differential in a vehicle?

The purpose of a differential in a vehicle is to split the engine torque and allow the wheels to rotate at different speeds, particularly when the vehicle is turning. When a car goes around a corner, the wheels on the outside of the turn must cover a longer distance than the wheels on the inside. The differential enables this difference in wheel speed while still transmitting power from the engine to the wheels.

By allowing each wheel to turn at different rates, the differential helps maintain traction and stability during turns, preventing skidding or tire wear. This feature is crucial for the overall handling and control of the vehicle, particularly in various driving conditions. Understanding the differential's function helps to appreciate its importance in the design of vehicles, especially trucks that may need to navigate varying terrains and conditions.